How Is RSV Diagnosed and Treated?
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is diagnosed primarily through a combination of clinical evaluation and diagnostic tests. Physicians begin by assessing the patient's symptoms and medical history, paying particular attention to signs such as coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. To confirm the diagnosis, they may perform a nasal swab or throat swab to collect a sample for testing, which can be analyzed using rapid antigen detection tests, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, or viral culture. Chest X-rays or blood tests may also be utilized in more severe cases to evaluate the extent of infection and rule out other conditions.
Treatment for RSV primarily focuses on supportive care, as there is no specific antiviral medication for the virus. Mild cases often require rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications to manage symptoms such as fever and pain. In more severe cases, especially in infants, elderly adults, or individuals with weakened immune systems, hospitalization may be necessary. Treatment in a hospital setting can include supplemental oxygen, intravenous fluids, and mechanical ventilation if breathing becomes severely compromised. Preventive measures, such as good hand hygiene and avoiding contact with infected individuals, are crucial to reducing the spread of RSV.
