What Are the Main Causes of Diabetes?
Diabetes is caused by a variety of factors, and the causes differ between type 1 and type 2 Diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. While the exact cause is not fully understood, it is believed to involve genetic factors and environmental triggers, such as viruses. As a result, people with type 1 diabetes cannot produce insulin naturally and must rely on insulin therapy - either through injections or an insulin pump - to maintain blood sugar levels. Proper management is essential to avoid complications like nerve damage, kidney disease, and heart issues, making lifelong monitoring necessary.
Type 2 diabetes, more common than type 1, arises from insulin resistance, where the body’s cells become less responsive to insulin. Key contributing factors include poor diet, lack of exercise, and obesity. Genetics also play a role, as family history can increase risk. Other factors, like certain medications, hormonal imbalances like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and pancreatic damage, can contribute as well. Unlike type 1, type 2 diabetes is often preventable and can be managed with lifestyle changes like weight control, exercise, and diet. Medications may also be necessary to regulate blood sugar and prevent complications such as heart disease.
