Why Do Bruises Hurt and How Can You Relieve the Pain?
Bruises are painful because they involve damage to the underlying tissues, including blood vessels, nerves, and sometimes muscles. When the capillaries under the skin are damaged, blood leaks into the surrounding tissues, causing pressure and inflammation. This pressure can irritate the nerve endings in the affected area, leading to pain and tenderness. The severity of the pain depends on the location and depth of the bruise. Bruises on areas with more nerve endings, such as the shin or forearm, tend to be more painful than those in areas with thicker skin or more fat. Muscle bruises, in particular, can cause significant discomfort, especially if they result from a direct blow to the muscle tissue.
To relieve the pain of a bruise, applying a cold compress or ice pack to the area as soon as possible after the injury can help reduce swelling and numb the pain. Cold therapy should be applied in 15-20 minute intervals to avoid skin damage. After the initial 48 hours, switching to warm compresses can help improve circulation to the area, which promotes healing and reduces discomfort. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen, can be used to manage pain, but NSAIDs like ibuprofen or aspirin should be avoided if they could exacerbate bruising. Keeping the bruised area elevated and avoiding pressure on the injury can also help reduce pain and speed up recovery.
