What Is Pulmonary Tuberculosis, and How Does It Affect the Lungs?
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs. It spreads through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or speaks. Once inhaled, the bacteria can settle in the lungs and trigger an immune response. In some individuals, the body successfully contains the bacteria in a latent state, while in others, the infection becomes active and causes lung damage over time.
When pulmonary TB is active, it can lead to persistent coughing, chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, fever, night sweats, and unintended weight loss. The infection causes inflammation in the lung tissue and can result in cavities or scarring that impair lung function. If left untreated, it may progress and spread to other parts of the body. Early diagnosis and proper treatment with antibiotics are crucial for preventing complications and limiting transmission. With timely care, most individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis can recover fully and regain normal lung function.
