A colposcopy is a diagnostic procedure used to examine the cervix, vagina, and vulva for signs of disease. It is typically performed if a routine Pap smear or HPV test shows abnormal results. The procedure itself generally takes about 10 to 20 minutes. During the procedure, a doctor or healthcare provider uses a special microscope called a colposcope to magnify the view of the cervix and surrounding areas. The colposcope does not touch the body but is positioned near the vagina to allow the doctor to closely examine the tissue. In some cases, a biopsy (removal of a small tissue sample) may be performed if the doctor identifies areas of concern. This additional step may add a few more minutes to the procedure.

Before the colposcopy, you may be asked to lie on an examination table, similar to a pelvic exam, and speculum is inserted into the vagina to allow the doctor to access the cervix. A special solution may be applied to the cervix to highlight any abnormal areas. While the procedure is usually quick and well-tolerated, some women may experience mild discomfort, such as pressure, cramping, or slight bleeding afterward. These sensations typically resolve on their own shortly after the procedure. You can usually resume your normal activities right after the colposcopy, though it is advised to avoid sexual intercourse or inserting anything into the vagina for a short period after the procedure to prevent irritation or infection.