Calluses on the feet are thickened areas of Skin that develop as a response to repeated friction, pressure, or irritation. They form as the skin tries to protect itself from damage caused by activities such as walking, standing for long periods, or wearing ill-fitting shoes. The most common areas for calluses to form are on the soles of the feet, especially under the heels, balls of the feet, and toes. Tight or poorly fitted shoes that rub against the skin, as well as high heels or shoes with inadequate arch support, can contribute to the formation of calluses. Additionally, wearing sandals or shoes that expose the feet to the elements may also lead to skin thickening and callus formation.

People who engage in repetitive physical activities, such as running or hiking, may be more prone to developing calluses, as constant pressure and friction can cause the skin to thicken. Certain foot deformities, such as bunions or hammertoes, can also lead to calluses by altering the way weight is distributed across the feet. While calluses are usually harmless and provide some protection to the skin, they can become painful or unsightly if not managed properly. Regular foot care, including proper footwear and moisturizing, can help prevent and alleviate callus formation.