How Are Thyroid Nodules Diagnosed and Treated?
Thyroid nodules are diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, imaging tests, and fine-needle aspiration biopsy. During a physical exam, a healthcare provider may palpate the neck to check for lumps or nodules. Ultrasound imaging is commonly used to evaluate the size, shape, and characteristics of the nodules. This non-invasive test helps determine whether a nodule is solid or fluid-filled and assesses its potential risk of malignancy. If the ultrasound indicates suspicious features, a fine-needle aspiration biopsy may be performed to obtain a tissue sample for further analysis.
Treatment for thyroid nodules depends on the type, size, and presence of symptoms or malignancy. Benign nodules may require no immediate treatment but should be monitored regularly for changes in size or appearance. If a nodule is causing symptoms such as difficulty swallowing or breathing, or if it is producing excess thyroid hormone, treatment options may include thyroid hormone suppression therapy, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland. Malignant nodules, or thyroid cancer, typically require surgical removal followed by radioactive iodine therapy and long-term thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Regular follow-up is essential to monitor for recurrence and manage thyroid function.
