Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is characterized primarily by heartburn, a burning sensation in the chest that often occurs after eating and may worsen at night or when lying down. Other common symptoms include acid regurgitation, where acid and sometimes partially digested food are brought back up into the throat or mouth, producing a sour or bitter taste. Difficulty swallowing, chronic cough, and the sensation of a lump in the throat are also frequently reported by those with GERD.

In addition to these symptoms, some individuals may experience asthma symptoms, such as wheezing and chest tightness, particularly at night, which are exacerbated by the reflux of acid. Chronic GERD can lead to complications like esophagitis, an inflammation of the esophagus that can cause bleeding, ulcers, and scarring. Persistent symptoms of GERD require medical evaluation to manage the condition effectively and prevent long-term damage to the esophagus and related structures.