Bladder Pain Syndrome (BPS), also known as interstitial cystitis (IC), is a chronic condition that primarily affects the bladder and the surrounding pelvic region. The hallmark symptom is persistent pelvic pain, which may be sharp, dull, or aching in nature. This pain often worsens with bladder filling and can be relieved by urination, though it may return soon after. Individuals with BPS may experience a frequent urge to urinate, often with little urine produced, and this can lead to significant disruption in daily life.

Other symptoms of BPS can include painful urination (dysuria) and the sensation of bladder pressure or fullness. The intensity of symptoms can vary from person to person and may fluctuate over time. Some individuals may have symptom flare-ups that are triggered by stress, certain foods, or beverages, while others experience constant discomfort. The symptoms of BPS are often confused with other urinary conditions such as urinary tract infections (UTIs) or overactive bladder (OAB), but unlike those conditions, BPS does not typically cause a urinary infection or abnormal findings in urine tests. The chronic nature of BPS can lead to emotional distress, anxiety, and depression due to the persistent pain and the impact on daily activities.