What Are the Risks of Colonoscopy?
Colonoscopy is generally a safe procedure, but like any medical intervention, it carries some risks. The most common risks include bleeding, especially if a biopsy is taken or polyps are removed during the procedure. While bleeding is typically minor and resolves on its own, in rare cases, it may require further treatment. Another potential risk is perforation, where a small tear occurs in the wall of the colon, which can lead to infection and may require surgical repair. However, perforations are very uncommon, occurring in fewer than 1 in 1,000 procedures.
In addition, some patients may experience a reaction to the sedative used during the procedure, including nausea, dizziness, or allergic reactions. Other side effects include bloating, cramping, or discomfort after the procedure, which usually resolves within a few hours. In extremely rare cases, colonoscopies can cause infections if not properly sanitized. Despite these risks, the benefits of colonoscopy, especially for early detection of colon cancer, far outweigh the potential complications for most individuals, particularly when conducted by experienced healthcare professionals.
