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How Is Gum Disease Diagnosed by Dentists?

Dentists diagnose gum disease through a detailed examination of the gums, teeth, and underlying structures. During a routine dental check-up, they look for common signs of gum disease, such as redness, swelling, tenderness, or bleeding of the gums. Gum recession, where the gums pull away from the teeth, may also be evaluated as an indication of periodontal problems. Dentists often use a periodontal probe, a specialized tool, to measure the depth of pockets between the gums and teeth. Healthy gums typically have pocket depths of 1 to 3 millimeters, while deeper pockets may suggest gum disease and the presence of bacterial infection.

Additionally, dental X-rays are often used to assess the extent of bone loss, a critical marker of advanced gum disease, or periodontitis. These images help determine if the disease has affected the structures that support the teeth. Dentists may also inquire about symptoms such as persistent bad breath, gum sensitivity, or changes in how the teeth fit together when biting. This comprehensive evaluation enables dentists to identify the stage and severity of gum disease and recommend an appropriate treatment plan tailored to the patient’s needs.