What Is Flow Cytometry in Immunology Testing?
Flow cytometry is an advanced technique used in immunology testing to analyze the characteristics of immune cells, such as T-cells, B-cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. It is especially useful for diagnosing conditions related to the immune system, such as immunodeficiency, autoimmune diseases, and certain types of cancer, including leukemia and lymphoma. In this test, a sample of blood or other bodily fluids is mixed with fluorescently labeled antibodies that bind to specific markers on the surface of immune cells. The sample is then passed through a flow cytometer, which uses laser technology to detect the fluorescent signals and generate detailed information about the size, shape, and number of different types of immune cells present in the sample.
Flow cytometry is incredibly valuable in diagnosing immune-related disorders because it allows for the precise analysis of immune cell populations. For instance, it can identify whether certain cell populations are underrepresented or overactive, which may suggest an immune deficiency or an overactive immune response, as seen in autoimmune diseases. Additionally, flow cytometry can be used to assess the effectiveness of treatments like stem cell transplants or immunotherapy by tracking the changes in immune cell populations over time. It’s a powerful tool that provides insights into the functioning of the immune system at the cellular level, helping clinicians make more informed decisions about treatment options for patients with complex immune-related conditions.
