What Is Gum Disease and How Does It Develop?
Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is an infection of the tissues that support and surround the teeth. It develops in stages, beginning with gingivitis, which causes redness, swelling, and bleeding of the gums. Gingivitis occurs when plaque—a sticky film of bacteria—builds up on the teeth and along the gumline. If not removed through regular brushing and flossing, plaque hardens into tartar, which can only be removed by professional dental cleaning. The longer plaque and tartar remain on the teeth, the more they irritate the gums, leading to inflammation and gum recession.
If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a more severe form of gum disease that can result in the destruction of the bone and connective tissue supporting the teeth. Over time, this can cause loose teeth or tooth loss. The bacteria involved in gum disease can also create pockets between the teeth and gums, further trapping debris and promoting infection. Understanding how gum disease develops underscores the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene and seeking regular dental care.
