Urinary Prolapse, also known as pelvic organ prolapse, occurs when the muscles and tissues supporting the pelvic organs weaken, causing one or more of these organs to drop or press into or out of the vagina. This condition often affects the bladder (cystocele), but it can also involve the uterus (uterine prolapse), rectum (rectocele), or small intestine (enterocele). Urinary prolapse is commonly seen in women who have experienced childbirth, particularly multiple or difficult deliveries, and can also result from aging, menopause, obesity, chronic coughing, or heavy lifting.

Bladder Cancer is a disease that originates in the bladder, a hollow organ responsible for storing urine. It occurs when cells within the bladder lining undergo abnormal growth, multiplying uncontrollably. This abnormal growth can lead to the formation of a tumor, which may spread to other parts of the body if left untreated.

There are several distinct types of Bladder Cancer, each with its own unique characteristics and potential outcomes. The most prevalent type is transitional cell carcinoma, accounting for approximately 90% of all bladder cancer cases. Other less common types include squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and small cell carcinoma.

While the precise causes of Bladder Cancer remain a subject of ongoing research, several risk factors have been identified. Smoking is widely recognized as a significant contributor, increasing the likelihood of developing bladder cancer. Age is another factor, with the risk generally increasing with advancing age. Exposure to certain chemicals, both in the workplace and through environmental sources, has also been linked to an elevated risk. Additionally, a family history of bladder cancer can predispose individuals to the disease.