Upper respiratory infections (URIs), commonly caused by viruses like rhinoviruses or coronaviruses, typically manifest as mild illnesses with symptoms such as a runny nose, sore throat, cough, and congestion. However, while most cases resolve on their own within 7 to 10 days, certain infections can escalate to more serious conditions. In some individuals, particularly those with weakened immune systems, chronic health issues, or young children, a URI may develop into complications such as sinus infections, ear infections, or even lower respiratory tract infections like bronchitis or pneumonia. The severity often depends on the underlying health of the individual and the specific pathogen involved.

In rare instances, untreated or prolonged symptoms of a URI can lead to significant health issues, including secondary bacterial infections or exacerbations of chronic respiratory diseases like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Warning signs of complications may include high fever, difficulty breathing, persistent chest pain, or worsening symptoms beyond the typical duration of a URI. If such symptoms occur, prompt medical evaluation is crucial to prevent further complications.

Asthma diagnosis and treatment involve a comprehensive approach to understanding and managing the condition. Diagnosis begins with a detailed medical history to identify symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness, particularly if these symptoms worsen with exercise or exposure to allergens. Healthcare providers also inquire about family history, as asthma often has a genetic component. A physical examination focusing on lung function and signs of allergies may be conducted to support the diagnosis. Pulmonary function tests, such as spirometry, are often used to measure how well the lungs work and confirm the presence of airway obstruction.

Treatment aims to manage symptoms, prevent asthma attacks, and improve overall quality of life. It typically involves a combination of avoiding known triggers, monitoring symptoms, and using prescribed management strategies. Personalized action plans are developed to guide individuals in responding to changes in symptoms or flare-ups. Environmental control, such as reducing exposure to allergens or irritants, plays a critical role in managing asthma effectively. Regular follow-ups are essential to assess progress and adjust the treatment plan as needed.