Doctors primarily focus on managing symptoms and preventing complications when treating an upper respiratory infection (URI), as most cases are caused by viruses and resolve on their own within 7–10 days. Physicians often recommend supportive care, such as staying hydrated, getting adequate rest, and using non-medicated remedies like saline nasal sprays or humidifiers to relieve congestion. Over-the-counter options for managing discomfort, such as a sore throat or warm compresses for sinus relief, may also be suggested. For individuals with chronic conditions such as asthma or COPD, doctors might emphasize strategies to avoid exacerbations triggered by the infection.

In cases where symptoms persist or worsen, a doctor may investigate the possibility of a secondary bacterial infection, such as sinusitis, otitis media (middle ear infection), or bronchitis. Diagnostic measures, including physical examinations or imaging, help determine whether further intervention is needed. While antibiotics are not used for viral infections, they may be considered for bacterial complications. Physicians also guide patients in recognizing warning signs of more severe conditions, such as high fever, difficulty breathing, or chest pain, ensuring timely medical intervention when necessary. By addressing both the symptoms and potential complications, doctors help patients recover more comfortably and effectively.