The HPV vaccine is recommended primarily for preteens, ideally between the ages of 11 and 12, though it can be administered as early as age 9. This age range is recommended because the vaccine is most effective when given before any exposure to the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is commonly transmitted through sexual contact. However, individuals who did not receive the vaccine at a young age are eligible for vaccination up to age 26. For those between ages 15 and 26, the vaccine is typically given in a three-dose series to ensure full protection. Adults between 27 and 45 may also consider getting the HPV vaccine after consulting with a healthcare provider, as vaccination in this age group can still offer benefits, although it may be less effective due to prior exposure to HPV.

The HPV vaccine provides protection against the types of HPV most commonly linked to certain cancers and genital warts. HPV is known to be a significant risk factor for cervical cancer, as well as other types of cancer, including those affecting the throat, anus, and genitals. For those vaccinated before exposure, the vaccine can provide effective, long-term immunity against these high-risk HPV strains. Regardless of age, individuals considering the HPV vaccine should discuss it with their healthcare provider to understand its benefits and potential side effects and to determine the most appropriate timing and dosage schedule based on personal health needs and lifestyle factors.

Birth Control methods, including Intrauterine Devices (IUDs), are highly effective at preventing pregnancy when used correctly. IUDs, both hormonal and non-hormonal (copper), are among the most effective forms of birth control, with a success rate of over 99%. Hormonal IUDs release progestin, which thickens cervical mucus and may suppress ovulation, while copper IUDs release copper ions that are toxic to sperm, preventing fertilization. Both types of IUDs offer long-term protection, ranging from three to ten years, depending on the type.

The effectiveness of Birth control pills, patches, rings and injections also remains high when used consistently and correctly. However, their success rates can be lower due to the potential for human error, such as missing a dose. Birth control pills have a typical use effectiveness rate of around 91%, while other methods like the patch and ring are similarly effective when used as directed. Overall, IUDs provide a more reliable, low-maintenance option for those seeking long-term contraception.