Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a common heart condition that develops gradually over time. It occurs when the coronary arteries, responsible for supplying blood to the heart muscle, become narrowed or blocked. It is primarily caused by atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries. Plaque is made up of cholesterol, fatty substances, cellular waste products, calcium and fibrin. Over time, this plaque can harden and narrow the arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart.

The narrowing of the coronary arteries limits the amount of oxygen-rich blood that can reach the heart muscle. When the heart muscle doesn't receive enough oxygen, it can cause chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, and other symptoms. In severe cases, a complete blockage can occur, leading to a heart attack.

If a plaque ruptures, a blood clot can form on its surface, further blocking blood flow. This sudden blockage can lead to a heart attack. It's important to note that CAD often develops gradually over many years, and people may not experience symptoms until the arteries are significantly narrowed.

Yes, stress can be a significant trigger for arrhythmias in individuals with Long QT Syndrome (LQTS). Emotional stress, anxiety, or sudden fright can cause a surge of adrenaline, which increases the heart rate and can provoke abnormal heart rhythms in those with a prolonged QT interval. This is particularly concerning in individuals with certain types of LQTS, such as LQT1, where stress or exertion is known to be a common trigger for dangerous arrhythmias like torsades de pointes. Events like sudden loud noises, frightening experiences, or emotional distress can all lead to an arrhythmic episode.

To manage the risk of stress-induced arrhythmias, individuals with LQTS are often advised to avoid situations that may cause sudden emotional stress. Relaxation techniques, stress management strategies, and in some cases, beta-blocker medications may be recommended to help regulate the heart’s response to adrenaline and prevent arrhythmias. Understanding stress as a trigger is crucial for individuals with LQTS, as managing stress effectively can reduce the likelihood of life-threatening cardiac events.