Viscosupplementation joint injections are a treatment option for individuals with osteoarthritis, particularly in the knee. The procedure involves injecting hyaluronic acid, a substance naturally found in joint fluid, into the affected joint. Hyaluronic acid acts as a lubricant and shock absorber, helping to reduce pain and improve joint function. The goal of viscosupplementation is to supplement the decreased levels of hyaluronic acid in arthritic joints, thereby enhancing mobility and reducing discomfort.

The injection is typically performed in a clinical setting, and the process involves using a fine needle to inject the hyaluronic acid directly into the joint space. Patients may experience pain relief and improved joint function within a few weeks, with effects lasting several months. Viscosupplementation is often used when other conservative treatments, such as physical therapy and pain medications, have not provided sufficient relief. It can be part of a comprehensive osteoarthritis management plan that includes lifestyle modifications and other therapies.

A Discogram or Discography, is a diagnostic tool used to evaluate various conditions affecting the intervertebral discs in the spine, particularly when chronic back pain is present. This procedure is particularly helpful in diagnosing degenerative disc disease, a condition where the spinal discs undergo wear and tear over time, leading to pain, reduced flexibility, and potential instability in the spine. A discogram can also identify herniated discs, where the inner gel-like substance of a disc protrudes through a tear in its outer layer, potentially pressing on surrounding nerves and causing pain. Additionally, the test can reveal disc tears, known as annular tears, which occur when the outer layer of a disc is damaged, leading to internal leakage and irritation of the spinal nerves. These conditions often do not show up clearly on traditional imaging tests, making the discogram a valuable tool for identifying pain sources in the spine.

Another condition that a discogram can diagnose is spinal stenosis, a narrowing of the spinal canal that can compress the nerves, causing pain, numbness, or weakness in the back and extremities. A discogram can also be helpful in identifying disc infections, though these are relatively rare. The test is especially useful when MRI or CT scans have not provided enough detailed information to pinpoint the cause of back pain. In cases where patients have already undergone other treatments like physical therapy or injections without improvement, a discogram helps clarify which specific disc or discs are responsible for the symptoms, allowing for more targeted treatment options such as surgery or advanced pain management therapies.