Chronic hip pain refers to pain in the hip joint that persists for three months or longer, often caused by conditions such as arthritis, bursitis, or tendinitis. The symptoms of chronic hip pain can vary depending on the underlying cause, but common signs include persistent aching or discomfort in the hip, groin, or outer thigh. The pain may worsen with activity, such as walking, climbing stairs, or sitting for extended periods, and it may improve with rest. In some cases, individuals may also experience stiffness, making it difficult to move the hip or perform everyday activities like bending or reaching.

Another common symptom of chronic hip pain is reduced range of motion in the joint, which can limit mobility and make it difficult to perform tasks that require hip flexion or rotation. Swelling or tenderness around the hip may also be present, particularly in cases of bursitis or tendinitis. In more severe cases, chronic hip pain can lead to weakness in the surrounding muscles, causing an individual to limp or favor one leg over the other. These symptoms may fluctuate, with periods of increased pain followed by relief, depending on activity levels and treatment.

A herniated disc occurs when one of the rubbery cushions (discs) between the vertebrae in the spine ruptures or bulges, allowing the soft inner material to leak out. This displacement can irritate nearby nerves, causing pain, discomfort, or even numbness in different parts of the body. Discs act as shock absorbers for the spine, and when one becomes herniated, it can no longer function effectively. Herniated discs most commonly occur in the lumbar (lower back) region, but they can also happen in the cervical (neck) area. The herniation may happen suddenly from a traumatic injury, or it can develop gradually due to the wear and tear associated with aging or repetitive motions.

The primary causes of herniated discs include age-related degeneration, where the discs naturally lose water content and become less flexible, making them more prone to tears and ruptures. Lifting heavy objects improperly, twisting awkwardly, or even small movements in an already compromised disc can lead to herniation. Other risk factors include being overweight, which places extra stress on the spine, and engaging in physically demanding jobs or activities that require repetitive lifting or bending. Smoking, poor posture, and sedentary lifestyles can also weaken the spinal discs, increasing the risk of herniation.