What Causes Bulging Discs and How Are They Diagnosed?
The causes of bulging discs are multifactorial and typically relate to aging, injury, or repetitive stress on the spine. As we age, the discs in the spine naturally lose some of their water content, which makes them less flexible and more prone to damage. This age-related degeneration can cause the discs to weaken, leading to bulging. Traumatic injuries such as falls, car accidents, or heavy lifting can also put significant pressure on the discs, contributing to bulging or other forms of disc damage. Repetitive strain from poor posture, improper lifting techniques, or sedentary lifestyles can accelerate wear and tear on the spine, increasing the risk of bulging discs.
Diagnosis of bulging discs typically begins with a thorough physical examination, where the healthcare provider evaluates the patient’s symptoms, posture, and mobility. Imaging studies are often used to confirm the diagnosis, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) being the most common method for visualizing disc problems. An MRI provides detailed images of the spinal discs, allowing physicians to assess the extent of disc bulging and any potential nerve involvement.
In some cases, a computed tomography (CT) scan or X-ray may be used, though these methods are less effective at showing soft tissue abnormalities. In addition to imaging, diagnostic tests may also include nerve conduction studies to evaluate any potential nerve compression caused by the bulging disc.
