How Does an IUD Work?
An Intrauterine Device (IUD) is a small, T-shaped device that is inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. It works by either releasing hormones or by being made of copper, which create a hostile environment for sperm, preventing fertilization. There are two main types of IUDs: hormonal IUDs and copper IUDs. Hormonal IUDs, such as Mirena or Skyla, release a small amount of progestin, a hormone that thickens cervical mucus, making it difficult for sperm to enter the uterus. Additionally, it can thin the uterine lining, reducing the likelihood of implantation if fertilization occurs. Copper IUDs, like ParaGard, do not contain hormones but instead release copper ions, which act as a spermicide and prevent sperm from fertilizing an egg.
Once in place, an IUD provides long-term contraception, often for several years, depending on the type. It is highly effective, with failure rates of less than 1%, making it one of the most reliable forms of birth control. The device is typically inserted during a brief procedure in a healthcare provider's office, and while it can be removed at any time if pregnancy is desired, fertility usually returns quickly after removal.
While IUDs are safe for most people, they may not be suitable for individuals with certain health conditions, and potential side effects should be discussed with a healthcare provider to ensure the right choice is made for each individual.
