How Does Coronary Artery Disease Develop?
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a common heart condition that develops gradually over time. It occurs when the coronary arteries, responsible for supplying blood to the heart muscle, become narrowed or blocked. It is primarily caused by atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries. Plaque is made up of cholesterol, fatty substances, cellular waste products, calcium, and fibrin. Over time, this plaque can harden and narrow the arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart.
The narrowing of the coronary arteries limits the amount of oxygen-rich blood that can reach the heart muscle. When the heart muscle doesn't receive enough oxygen, it can cause chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, and other symptoms. In severe cases, a complete blockage can occur, leading to a heart attack.
If a plaque ruptures, a blood clot can form on its surface, further blocking blood flow. This sudden blockage can lead to a heart attack. It's important to note that CAD often develops gradually over many years, and people may not experience symptoms until the arteries are significantly narrowed.
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