What Is Acid Reflux and What Causes It?
Acid Reflux, also known as Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) when it occurs frequently, is a condition in which stomach acid flows back into the esophagus. This backflow happens when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a ring of muscle that acts as a valve between the stomach and esophagus, does not close properly. When stomach acid enters the esophagus, it can cause irritation and lead to symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, difficulty swallowing, and chronic cough. If left untreated, frequent acid reflux can cause damage to the esophagus, increasing the risk of complications such as esophagitis, ulcers, and Barrett's esophagus, a condition that may increase the risk of esophageal cancer.
Several factors contribute to acid reflux, including dietary choices, lifestyle habits, and medical conditions. Common triggers include eating large meals, consuming acidic or fatty foods, caffeine, alcohol, and lying down too soon after eating. Obesity, pregnancy, and certain medical conditions such as hiatal hernia can also increase the risk of acid reflux. Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption weaken the LES, making it more likely for stomach acid to escape into the esophagus. Managing acid reflux typically involves lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding trigger foods, maintaining a healthy weight, and making changes to eating and sleeping habits to reduce symptoms and prevent long-term complications.
