What Are the Long-Term Effects of Celiac Disease?
If celiac disease is left untreated, it can lead to a number of long-term health complications, many of which stem from nutrient deficiencies caused by damage to the small intestine. Over time, the inability to absorb essential nutrients, such as iron, calcium, and vitamins A, D, and K, can result in malnutrition. This can lead to conditions such as anemia, osteoporosis, and delayed growth in children. In adults, untreated celiac disease can cause infertility, miscarriages, and an increased risk of certain cancers, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. People with celiac disease are also at a higher risk for developing autoimmune disorders like Type 1 diabetes, thyroid disease, and autoimmune liver diseases.
When individuals with celiac disease follow a strict gluten-free diet, the small intestine can gradually heal, and many of these long-term complications can be prevented or reversed. However, if gluten is reintroduced or the diet is not followed carefully, the risk of continued damage to the intestines increases. Over time, this can lead to chronic conditions such as gut permeability (leaky gut), which can cause additional immune system disruptions and digestive issues. Early diagnosis and vigilant dietary management are crucial in preventing these long-term effects. Regular follow-up care with healthcare providers, including screenings for nutrient deficiencies and associated complications, can help improve quality of life and prevent severe health problems related to celiac disease.
